1. IMF Staff Country Report No.98/46. Appendix Table 10.

2. World Bank. 1999. World Development Indicators.

3. FAO Statistical Database.

4. M. Bunce. 1997. "Cocoa/Coffee Farmers Evicted from Ivorian Forests." Reuters Ltd..

5. A. Goldman. 1997, June 2. "An Ivorian Bedrock." Financial Times.

6. H. J. H. Verolme & J. Moussa. 1999. Addressing the Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation—Case Studies, Analysis, and Recommendations. Washington, DC: Biodiversity Action Network.

7. IMF Staff Country Report No. 98/17.

8. Ibid.

9. Environmental Investigation Agency/Telapak Indonesia. 1999. The Final Cut: Illegal logging in Indonesia’s orangutan parks.

10. NRMP 1999:48.

11. S. Emilia. 1999, July 2. "Crisis Forces Jakarta to Sacrifice Its Environmental Programs." Jakarta Post.

12. 1999, March 16. Indonesia: Supplementary memo-randum of economic and financial policies. Fourth Review Under the Extended Arrangement.

13. M. Richardson. 1999, April 30. "Fear of Fires Rekindled as Jakarta is Distracted." International Herald Tribune.

14. M. Bengwayan. 1999. "Illegal Logging Wipes out Philippine Forests." Environment News Service.

15. Philippines Staff Report for the 1990 Article IV Consultation and Request for Stand-by Arrangement and Purchase Under the Compensatory and Contingency Financing Facility.

16. I. El Carmen. 1994. Towards a National Solution for the Crisis: Adjusting the adjustment in Nicaragua. CRIES, the Regional Coordinating Council of Economic and Social Investigation: Managua, Nicaragua.

17. Nicaragua Network. 1998. "Hurricane Mitch Devastation Linked to Deforestation." Press Release.

18. K. Hansen-Kuhn. "Structural Adjustment in Nicaragua: Tearing the economic and social fabric." The Development Gap: Washington, DC: World Wide Web.

19. 1998, April. Contained in Nicaraguan civil society proposal to the Nicaragua Consultative Group meet-ing.

20. Environmental News Network. 1999, January 19. "Nicaragua Gets Sustainable Forestry Investment."

21. "IMF Chief Backs Debt Aid to Honduras and Nicaragua." 1998, November 18. New York Times.

22. Environment News Service. 1999, January 7. "Nicaragua to Get Sustainable Forestry Funds." Washington, DC.

23. A. Aslam. 1998. "Mad Cut Disease Detected in Brazil." Inter Press Service.

24. H. Marcelo de Souza & A. Vianna Jr. 1999. The IMF Agreement and Expenditures on the Environment. Brazil Network on Multilateral Financial Institutions.

25. Souza 1999.

26. Faiola 1999.

27. Co-operative Republic of Guyana. 1988. The Guyana Investment Policy. Georgetown: Co-operative Republic of Guyana. (As cited in Hogg 1993, The SAP in the Forest: The environmental and social impacts of structural adjustment programmes in the Philippines, Ghana and Guyana. London: Friends of the Earth.

28. IMF Staff Country Report, No. 99/52.

29. M. Colchester. "Social Exclusion and Development Domination: The Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Guyana." http://www.wrm.org.uy/english/u_causes/regional/l_a merica/guyana_estudio.html

30. Colchester.

31. World Bank. 1993. Guyana: Private Sector Development. Washington, DC.